Biogas Ebook on Training giving detailed descriptions on various biogas systems and how installation is done
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INTRODUCTION 1.1
Biogas definition Biogas originates from bacteria in the process of bio-degradation of organic material under anaerobic (without air) conditions. The natural generation of biogas is an important part of the biogeochemical carbon cycle. Methanogens (methane producing bacteria) are the last link in a chain of microorganisms, which degrade organic material and return the decomposition products to the environment. In this process biogas is generated, a source of renewable energy [1]. 1.2 Composition and properties of biogas Biogas is a mixture of gases that is composed chiefly of: • methane (CH4): 40 - 70 vol.% • carbon dioxide (CO2): 30 - 60 vol.% • other gases: 1 - 5 vol.% including: • hydrogen (H2): 0 - 1 vol.% • hydrogen sulfide (H2S): 0 - 3 vol.% Like those of any pure gas, the characteristic properties of biogas are pressure and temperature-dependent. They are also affected by the moisture content. The factors of main interest are: • change in volume as a function of temperature and pressure, • change in calorific value as a function of temperature, pressure and water-vapor content, and • change in water-vapor content as a function of temperature and pressure. Biogas is used as an ecologically friendly and future oriented technology in many countries. The calorific value of biogas is about 6 kWh/m3 - this corresponds to about half a litre of diesel oil. The net calorific value depends on the efficiency of the burners or appliances. Methane is the valuable component under the aspect of using biogas as a fuel
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claritatem. Investigationes demonstraverunt lectores legere me lius quod ii legunt saepius. Claritas est etiam processus dynamicus, qui sequitur mutationem consuetudium lectorum. Mirum est notare quam littera gothica, quam nunc putamus parum claram, anteposuerit litterarum formas humanitatis per
seacula quarta decima et quinta decima. Eodem modo typi, qui nunc nobis videntur parum clari, fiant sollemnes in futurum.
